These direct transfusion methods necessitated cutting through the skin to expose blood vessels. ![]() A method to suture blood vessels together was devised by Alexis Carrel in 1902 and improved by George Crile in 1905. By 1900, transfusions typically involved connecting blood vessels of donor and recipient using India rubber tubing. Blood could not be stored and needed to be administered as quickly as possible. Chief among these was the propensity of blood to clot, reducing its flow and clogging equipment used to transfer it. ![]() Transfusion at the Start of the 20th Centuryīlood transfusion had been attempted throughout history but generally failed due to a variety of factors. Blood transfusion is often cited as a major medical advancement of the First World War, and possible only because of innovations made shortly before the United States entered the war.
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